Cacti - a family of perennial plants with fleshy stems of cacti, most species covered spines. In the wild grow almost exclusively in tropical zones of America.
There are a large number of species cacti, which are bred as ornamental plants in the south in the open ground and in the north - both indoor plants (mostly dwarf species).
Most cacti bloom beautifully. Many cacti are in bloom at the right care every year, some for several months (summer).
Cactus family can be divided into several groups.
Opuntia - cacti, the stems which usually consist of round or oval lepeshkoobraznyh joints, sometimes with a lot of thorns. In indoor conditions seldom bloom. Opuntia, like all cacti have areoles - growth points that are scattered across the surface of the stem, but they have to areoles except for the spines, are very sharp, small, easily detached bristles (glohidii), which easily pierce the skin and pull them out is difficult.
saguaro have a columnar shape. Some are covered with snow-white short or long hairs, others are the beautiful faces of the stem, others - huge flowers, up to 36 cm in diameter; flowering in some species occurs at night, for example, a "Queen of the Night" (hence - the name).
Ehinopsisy, ehinokaktusy and Echinocereus different set of spines (which is why they are often called "ruler" cactus). The more spines, the more beautiful cactus (eg ehinokaktus Gruzona). Many of them bloom in the indoor environment.
Mammillyarii - papillary cacti are diverse forms of and the thorns are blooming beautifully.
Epifillyumy - plants with remnevidnymi, krupnozubchatymi, flat stems and large flowers of various colors.
Zigokaktus and ripsalidopsisy , also known as Schlumbergera - ploskochlenistye bushes, abundant and beautiful bloom in winter (December) and early spring.
Rhipsalis - highly branched viminalis or leaf-shaped bushes, need a moist atmosphere, some shade and a higher temperature than other cacti. The flowers are rather small, but heavy. They grow more like ampelnye unusual plants.
Pereskia have this leaves, their belonging to the cactus issued numerous areoles with spines. Cacti and some saguaro often serve to graft them cacti with weak roots.
For all cacti land must necessarily be light, porous, permeable to air and water. Most cacti need a slightly acidic soil, the most suitable soil is a mixture of turf and leaf of land with river sand, with the addition of finely broken crocks or brick and wood coal. Cactus with white spines, pubescent to add ground limestone, chalk, pieces of marble. For epifillyumov, Zigokaktus and Rhipsalis necessary nutrients loose humous soil mixed with sand and coal.
must make sure that water does not stagnate in pots. It is desirable that all low pot was filled up by 3-4 cm layer of fine shards, while on the crocks are not well pour sand and fine gravel (pea-sized) and add a little crushed charcoal.
watering cactus should not often. The young plants need moisture to much more than the old ones. In winter, they should be watered as less often (once or twice a month), but watch out that the land does not dry (do not turn into dust or did not do quite solid). If excessive watering in winter and a sufficiently high temperature in the rooms of the plant can go into growth, but due to lack of light shoots are elongated and weak. Dry the adult cacti difficult, but from too much water they can easily rot. Decrease watering in winter still does not give the cactus required rest period. This requires a lower temperature, which is easy to achieve, fenced in with cactus on the windowsill room with a piece of glass or plastic film. The best temperature for cacti during the winter 5-8 ° C.
spring and summer should see to it that was not wetted only the top layer, and the whole earth com. It is better not to water on top, and plunge the pots in three quarters in a bowl with water. When the earth's surface appears wet spot, a pot should be removed. Such watering is sufficient to carry out 1 time per week, in the heat - 2 times a week. Water from the saucer should be drained. It is also recommended during the summer in the early morning and evening, spray cactus fine, mist spray.
Most cacti - light-loving plants need sunlight. Without the sun cactus not blooming. However Rhipsalis grow best in shade and can not tolerate direct sunlight. Young plants, especially seedlings should be protected from the sun (tissue paper, gauze, etc.).
summer, cacti grow well outdoors, they can dig along with the pot into the soil in partial shade, and even better in parnichok, where they will be protected from rain and wind, and slightly priteneny.
for normal development of cactus just need fresh air, so do not forget about room ventilation even in winter.
There are a large number of species cacti, which are bred as ornamental plants in the south in the open ground and in the north - both indoor plants (mostly dwarf species).
Most cacti bloom beautifully. Many cacti are in bloom at the right care every year, some for several months (summer).
Cactus family can be divided into several groups.
Opuntia - cacti, the stems which usually consist of round or oval lepeshkoobraznyh joints, sometimes with a lot of thorns. In indoor conditions seldom bloom. Opuntia, like all cacti have areoles - growth points that are scattered across the surface of the stem, but they have to areoles except for the spines, are very sharp, small, easily detached bristles (glohidii), which easily pierce the skin and pull them out is difficult.
saguaro have a columnar shape. Some are covered with snow-white short or long hairs, others are the beautiful faces of the stem, others - huge flowers, up to 36 cm in diameter; flowering in some species occurs at night, for example, a "Queen of the Night" (hence - the name).
Ehinopsisy, ehinokaktusy and Echinocereus different set of spines (which is why they are often called "ruler" cactus). The more spines, the more beautiful cactus (eg ehinokaktus Gruzona). Many of them bloom in the indoor environment.
Mammillyarii - papillary cacti are diverse forms of and the thorns are blooming beautifully.
Epifillyumy - plants with remnevidnymi, krupnozubchatymi, flat stems and large flowers of various colors.
Zigokaktus and ripsalidopsisy , also known as Schlumbergera - ploskochlenistye bushes, abundant and beautiful bloom in winter (December) and early spring.
Rhipsalis - highly branched viminalis or leaf-shaped bushes, need a moist atmosphere, some shade and a higher temperature than other cacti. The flowers are rather small, but heavy. They grow more like ampelnye unusual plants.
Pereskia have this leaves, their belonging to the cactus issued numerous areoles with spines. Cacti and some saguaro often serve to graft them cacti with weak roots.
For all cacti land must necessarily be light, porous, permeable to air and water. Most cacti need a slightly acidic soil, the most suitable soil is a mixture of turf and leaf of land with river sand, with the addition of finely broken crocks or brick and wood coal. Cactus with white spines, pubescent to add ground limestone, chalk, pieces of marble. For epifillyumov, Zigokaktus and Rhipsalis necessary nutrients loose humous soil mixed with sand and coal.
must make sure that water does not stagnate in pots. It is desirable that all low pot was filled up by 3-4 cm layer of fine shards, while on the crocks are not well pour sand and fine gravel (pea-sized) and add a little crushed charcoal.
watering cactus should not often. The young plants need moisture to much more than the old ones. In winter, they should be watered as less often (once or twice a month), but watch out that the land does not dry (do not turn into dust or did not do quite solid). If excessive watering in winter and a sufficiently high temperature in the rooms of the plant can go into growth, but due to lack of light shoots are elongated and weak. Dry the adult cacti difficult, but from too much water they can easily rot. Decrease watering in winter still does not give the cactus required rest period. This requires a lower temperature, which is easy to achieve, fenced in with cactus on the windowsill room with a piece of glass or plastic film. The best temperature for cacti during the winter 5-8 ° C.
spring and summer should see to it that was not wetted only the top layer, and the whole earth com. It is better not to water on top, and plunge the pots in three quarters in a bowl with water. When the earth's surface appears wet spot, a pot should be removed. Such watering is sufficient to carry out 1 time per week, in the heat - 2 times a week. Water from the saucer should be drained. It is also recommended during the summer in the early morning and evening, spray cactus fine, mist spray.
Most cacti - light-loving plants need sunlight. Without the sun cactus not blooming. However Rhipsalis grow best in shade and can not tolerate direct sunlight. Young plants, especially seedlings should be protected from the sun (tissue paper, gauze, etc.).
summer, cacti grow well outdoors, they can dig along with the pot into the soil in partial shade, and even better in parnichok, where they will be protected from rain and wind, and slightly priteneny.
for normal development of cactus just need fresh air, so do not forget about room ventilation even in winter.
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